Effluent Treatment Plant

We offers waste water treatment plants for handling of industrial waste water produced by the manufacturing process. We design the Effluent Treatment Plants which are long terms, easy to maintenance and trouble fee operation. We also offer & entire range of waste water treatment equipments, chemical, spares and other services including up gradation of existing waste water treatment plants with AMC.

An Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) is a special facility that treats and purifies industrial wastewater prior to its safe discharge into the environment. ETPs use a variety of physical, chemical, and biological methods to remove toxins while adhering to environmental regulations and reducing harmful effects on ecosystems and human health.ETP facilities are mostly employed in industries such as pharmaceuticals, textiles, and chemicals, where serious water contamination is possible. 

Treatment levels: 

1)Preliminary Treatment level :

Purpose: Physical separation of large contaminants  like fabrics, plastics, wood logs, paper, etc.

At the preliminary level, common physical unit processes include: 

Screening: Large particles, such plastics and fabric, are removed using a screen that has uniformly sized apertures. The usual maximum is 10 mm.

Sedimentation: A physical method of treating water that uses gravity to draw out suspended materials.

Clarification: A technique for separating solids from liquids. 

2)Primary Treatment level :

Purpose:The primary treatment level aims to remove floating and settleable contaminants, including suspended solids and organic matter.

Methods: Both physical and chemical methods are used in this treatment level.

Chemical unit processes:

Chemical unit processes are always used along with physical processes and can also be used with biological treatment processes.

Chemical treatments involve adding chemicals to wastewater to improve its quality.

• Examples include pH regulation, coagulation, chemical precipitation, and oxidation.

pH control: pH refers to the process of adjusting the pH during wastewater treatment to achieve a neutral pH.

Low pH acidic wastes: NaOH, Na2CO3, CaCO3, or Ca(OH)2.

High pH alkaline wastes: H2SO4, HCl.

Chemical  Coagulation and Flocculation :

The process of coagulating tiny solid particles scattered throughout a liquid into a bigger mass.

• To increase the attraction between tiny particles so they come together and form larger particles called flocs, chemical coagulants such as Fe2(SO4)3 or Al2(SO4)3 {also called alum} are added to wastewater.
• By combining particles to create larger flocs that settle out faster, a chemical flocculent—typically a polyelectrolyte—improves the flocculation process.
• Gentle mixing encourages the particles to collide, which aids in flocculation. 

3)Secondary Treatment level : 

Biological and chemical processes are used at this stage.

Biological unit procedure involves removing or reducing the concentration of organic and inorganic chemicals.

Biological treatment processes rely on microorganisms, particularly bacteria.

Aerobic treatment methods require the presence of air (oxygen).

Microorganisms (aerobes) use free oxygen to convert organic pollutants into carbon dioxide, water, and biomass.This involves the Activated Sludge Process. 

Anaerobic treatment procedures occur in the absence of oxygen (air).

– Anaerobes consume organic contaminants without air, producing methane and biomass.

4) Tertiary (or advanced) Treatment level :

 Purpose: A last cleaning process that improves wastewater quality before it is reused, repurposed, or discharged into the environment.

Mechanism: Removes the residual inorganic chemicals and substances, including nitrogen and phosphorus. Bacteria, viruses, and parasites that are detrimental to public health are also eradicated throughout this process.

Methods: – Alum is used to eliminate phosphorus particles and group residual solids for easier removal in filters.

The chlorine contact tank disinfects tertiary treated wastewater by removing microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, and parasites.The remaining chlorine is eliminated by adding sodium bisulphate soon before discharge.

Design of ETP. 

     The ETP design and size are determined by : 

1) the quantity and quality of the industry’s discharge wastewater.

2)Land availability.

3)Cost considerations for development, operation, and upkeep.

• Area dimensions vary on wastewater quality, flow rate, and biological treatment type.
• For limited land, CETP (Common Effluent Treatment Plant) is chosen over ETP.

Need for ETP

• To clean and recycle industry wastewater for future use.
• To reduce the use of fresh/potable water in industry.
• Reduce expenditure on water procurement.
• Adhere to government-set environmental pollution standards to avoid penalties.
• To protect the environment from pollution and promote sustainable development.